Standard 1 Principles Of Technology:
Physics
Benchmark 1
Motion/Force - Force in Mechanical Systems, Prime Mover, Forces/Torques Mass/Forces in equilibrium, Graphing, Trig functions, Vectors, Scales
Indicator 1
Define "prime mover" and identify the prime mover in mechanical systems.
Indicator 2
Explain the terms "system" and "sub-systems". List several examples of each.
Indicator 3
Describe, in your own words, what a force is.
Indicator 4
Identify a common device that is used to measure force.
Indicator 5
Name the units of force used in the SI system and the English system.
Indicator 6
Describe what happens when forces on an object are in equilibrium.
Indicator 7
Describe what happens when forces on an object are unbalanced.
Indicator 8
Briefly define the following: scalar, vector, weight, mass, and torque.
Indicator 9
Use scale diagrams to determine the resultant force on an object when two or more forces act on it.
Indicator 10
Describe torque's relationship to force and to clockwise and counterclockwise movement.
Indicator 11
Solve torque problems.
Indicator 12
Construct graphs.
Indicator 13
Work vector problems using trig functions.
Benchmark 2
Motion/Force- Pressure in Fluid systems
Indicator 1
Differentiate between hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Indicator 2
Find the density of a substance, given its mass and volume.
Indicator 3
Determine the specific gravity of a substance, given its density.
Indicator 4
Define buoyant force.
Indicator 5
Define pressure and give its units.
Indicator 6
Explain atmospheric pressure.
Indicator 7
Describe the difference between absolute and gauge pressure.
Indicator 8
Explain how pressure in a fluid depends on depth of the fluid.
Indicator 9
Explain how pressure is a prime mover.
Benchmark 3
Motion/Force- Voltage in Electrical systems
Indicator 1
Differentiate between AC and DC current.
Indicator 2
Identify the most common source of DC voltage.
Indicator 3
Describe the sequence for connecting a DC circuit in series so that voltages will add.
Indicator 4
Identify three components of a circuit, including a source, conductor, and a load.
Indicator 5
Describe how frequency and hertz relate to an AC current.
Indicator 6
Describe how voltage acts like a primer mover.
Indicator 7
Name at least three types of voltmeters.
Benchmark 4
Motion/Force- Temperature difference in thermal systems.
Indicator 1
Identify the direction of movement of heat.
Indicator 2
Name and describe the prime mover of thermal systems.
Indicator 3
Define temperature.
Indicator 4
Describe the relationship between heat, energy, and molecular motion.
Indicator 5
Change temperatures to Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Indicator 6
Describe how a thermocouple works.
Benchmark 5
Motion/Force- Rate in mechanical systems and Velocity and acceleration.
Indicator 1
Describe what is meant by rate in general.
Indicator 2
Identify appropriate Si and English units for rate in two energy systems.
Indicator 3
Distinguish between linear motion and rotational motion.
Indicator 4
Describe linear rate and give its equation.
Indicator 5
Calculate average speed or velocity.
Indicator 6
Describe linear acceleration and give a formula for it.
Indicator 7
Describe angular rate and give an equation.
Indicator 8
Define angular acceleration and give an equation for it.
Indicator 9
Measure rates in mechanical systems.
Benchmark 6
Motion/Force- Rate in Fluid systems
Indicator 1
Describe a volume - - flow rate and give an equation for it.
Indicator 2
Describe a mass - - flow rate and give an equation for it.
Indicator 3
Measure rates in fluid systems.
Benchmark 7
Motion/Force- Resistance in Mechanical systems
Indicator 1
Define resistance.
Indicator 2
Explain how resistance relates to the unifying principle of a "force" divided by a rate.
Indicator 3
Identify sources of resistance in mechanical systems.
Indicator 4
Distinguish between static and kinetic friction.
Indicator 5
Use the equation f=uN.
Indicator 6
Define drag force.
Indicator 7
Describe ways to reduce or increase friction in mechanical systems.
Indicator 8
Measure frictional forces.
Benchmark 8
Motion/Force - Resistance in Fluid systems
Indicator 1
Describe resistance in fluid systems.
Indicator 2
Distinguish between streamlined and turbulent flow.
Indicator 3
Compare resistance in a fluid system to resistance in a mechanical system.
Indicator 4
List three factors which determine the fluid resistance in a pipe.
Indicator 5
Describe how to reduce fluid resistance.
Indicator 6
Measure fluid resistance.
Benchmark 9
Work and Simple Machinies - Work in Mechanical systems
Indicator 1
Define work done by a force in a mechanical system.
Indicator 2
Explain the relationship between work done on an object, force applied and the distance an object moves.
Indicator 3
Identify the effects of work done by a force in a mechanical system.
Indicator 4
Solve work problems, given force and distance information in English and SI units.
Indicator 5
Explain how efficiency relates to input work and output work for a mechanical system.
Indicator 6
Define work done by a torque in a mechanical system.
Indicator 7
Define radian measure of angles.
Indicator 8
Explain the relationship between work done on an object, torque applied and the angle (in radians) the object moves through.
Indicator 9
Solve work problems, given torque and angle information in English and SI units.
Benchmark 10
Work and Simple Machinies - Work in Fluid Systems and Pressure differences
Indicator 1
Distinguish between open and closed fluid systems.
Indicator 2
Describe what is meant by work done in a fluid system.
Indicator 3
Explain the relationship between work and pressure difference in fluid system.
Indicator 4
Explain the relationship between work and change in volume in a fluid system.
Indicator 5
Solve work problems in English and SI units.
Indicator 6
Identify the effects of work done on a fluid.
Benchmark 11
Work and Simple Machinies - Work in electrical systems and Voltage Differences.
Indicator 1
Describe work in electrical systems.
Indicator 2
Identify a basic unit of electrical charge.
Indicator 3
Define a coulomb.
Indicator 4
Solve electrical work problems, given voltage and charge information.
Indicator 5
Identify the effects of work done in electrical systems.
Indicator 6
Explain how efficiency relates to input work and output work in an electrical system.
Benchmark 12
Heat - Rate in Thermal systems, Heat energy and Heat movement.
Indicator 1
Describe heat-flow rate as heat energy moved per unit time.
Indicator 2
Define rate units for thermal systems, using both English and SI units.
Indicator 3
Define heat capacity and specific heat.
Indicator 4
Explain the meaning of the equation for rate in a thermal system.
Indicator 5
Explain the difference between sensible and latent heat.
Indicator 6
Measure heat rate in a thermal system.
Benchmark 13
Heat - Resistance in Thermal systems
Indicator 1
Describe resistance in a thermal system.
Indicator 2
Identify the effects of resistance in a thermal system.
Indicator 3
Define thermal conductivity.
Indicator 4
Explain the relationship between resistance temperature difference and heat flow rate.
Indicator 5
Show that thermal resistance obeys the unifying principle of a "force" divided by a rate.
Indicator 6
Explain the meaning the R-factor as a measure of relative thermal resistance of insulation.
Indicator 7
Measure thermal resistance in the lab.
Benchmark 14
Electricity - Rate in Electrical systems.
Indicator 1
Describe charge flow rate (I) as quantity of charge (Q) moved per unit time (t).
Indicator 2
Explain the meaning of rate in electrical systems.
Indicator 3
Distinguish between DC and AC current.
Indicator 4
Distinguish between frequency and period.
Indicator 5
Measure rates in electrical systems.
Benchmark 15
Electricity - Resistance in electrical systems
Indicator 1
Describe resistance in electrical systems.
Indicator 2
Show that electrical resistance obeys the unifying principle of a "force" divided by a rate.
Indicator 3
Use a graph to explain the relationship between resistance, voltage, and current Ohm's Law).
Indicator 4
Show how resistance in a wire depends on the length of the wire, the cross-sectional area of the wire, and the material the wire is made of.
Indicator 5
Define resistivity.
Indicator 6
Explain how wire resistance is similar to pipe resistance in fluid systems.
Indicator 7
Find total resistance of several resistors in parallel and series circuits.
Indicator 8
Measure resistance in electrical circuits.
Benchmark 16
Energy Resources - Energy in Mechanical and Fluid systems, Energy forms (Kinetic-Potential), and Kinetic-Potential Energy changes.
Indicator 1
Distinguish between gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.
Indicator 2
Calculate gravitational potential energy.
Indicator 3
Calculate elastic potential energy.
Indicator 4
Calculate spring constant.
Indicator 5
Calculate fluid potential energy.
Indicator 6
Measure potential energy.
Indicator 7
Distinguish between linear kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy.
Indicator 8
Calculate linear kinetic energy.
Indicator 9
Define moment of inertia.
Indicator 10
Use the law of conservation of energy to describe how one form of energy is changed into another form.
Indicator 11
Measure kinetic energy.
Benchmark 17
Energy Resources - Energy in electrical systems.
Indicator 1
Describe the nature of potential energy in an electrical system.
Indicator 2
Define capacitor and tell how it works.
Indicator 3
Define capacitance.
Indicator 4
Define inductance and inductor and tell how an inductor works.
Indicator 5
Measure electrical energy stored in a capacitor and in an inductor.
Benchmark 18
Energy Resources - Energy in Thermal systems and Sensible and Latent Heat energy.
Indicator 1
Describe the relationship between thermal energy and work.
Indicator 2
Define the mechanical equivalent of heat.
Indicator 3
Find the amount of heat energy transferred between two objects of different temperatures.
Indicator 4
Describe three ways to transfer heat energy.
Indicator 5
Describe how heat energy changes states - - from solids to liquids, to gases and back.
Indicator 6
Explain the difference between sensible heat and latent heat energy.
Indicator 7
Describe the role of heat energy in the law of conservation of energy.
Indicator 8
Measure the transfer of heat energy.
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